PULMONARY EMBOLISM

We’ve all been told that it is important to take stretch breaks when sitting for a long time.  It helps to prevent injury and problems with alignment.  It also reduces fatigue and can improve productivity.  But did you know that it can also help to prevent a serious, sometimes fatal condition called a pulmonary embolism?  Especially if you travel frequently by car or airplane, or sit for long periods, read on for important information about how to reduce your risk.

WHAT IS A PULMONARY EMBOLISM?

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot in the lung.  The blood clot usually forms in other parts of the body (legs, arms, pelvis or heart), but sometimes the clot breaks away and gets stuck in the lungs.  If the clot blocks blood flow, carbon dioxide can’t get out and oxygen can’t get it.  It could make a person very short of breath and could even be fatal.

AM I AT RISK?

Risk factors for PE include:

1.    Immobilization- being still for long periods, such as bed rest or computer/TV

2.    Travel- especially long trips by car or airplane

3.    Obesity

4.    Heart disease

5.    Smoking

6.    Age (especially over 70)

7.    Pregnancy

8.    Estrogen therapy

9.    Previous history of blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or PE

WHAT DOES PE FEEL LIKE?

Half of the people who have PE do not experience any symptoms.  You may feel sharp, stabbing chest pain that comes on suddenly and feels worse when you take a deep breath.  You could feel short of breath or lightheaded, and might have a dry cough with blood, sweating or passing out.  These symptoms might happen along with a swollen or painful arm or leg.

WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I HAVE THESE SYMPTOMS

PE can be life threatening, and the symptoms can be similar to a heart attack, panic attack, or pneumonia.  See a doctor immediately if you have any of the symptoms above, especially unexplained shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough that produces blood. 

HOW CAN I REDUCE MY RISK?

If you take long trips or sit for long periods at a desk, take frequent breaks to stretch and walk around.  This helps to keep blood from pooling in the legs and forming a clot that can travel to the lungs.  If you can’t leave your work station, at least try to stand up every hour, and flex your feet often.  When you travel, drink extra fluids, and limit alcohol or caffeine.  If you are high risk, talk with your doctor about wearing compression stockings.  If you take blood thinners, take them exactly as your doctor prescribed.  If you use tobacco, think about quitting or reducing your use.  Maintaining a healthy weight and reducing your risk of heart disease are also recommended to help prevent PE.